World+of+Islam

** 600 A.D. to 1500 A.D. **  ** Ayushi and Elsa **  ** "Be good to others, that will protect you against evil. "**
 * ~Abu Bakr **


 * Arab tribes were ruled by a sheikh, who was chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders. Arabs lived as farmers or sheep herders on oases and rain fed areas of the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic . Arabs trace their ancestors back to Abraham and his son Ishmael , who were believed to have built Makkah , a house of worship. The Arabs recongnized a supreme god as Allah. The Quran is the holy book of the religon of Islam. Those who practice the religion of Islam are known as Muslims . Islam is a way of life for some people. After Muhammad's death, Muslim scholars developed a law code known as the Shari'ah . It provides believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives. **

**Unified under Abu Bakr, the successor to Muhammad, the Arabs began to turn the energy they had once directed toward each other against neighboring peoples. At Yarmuk, the Arab army defeated the Byzantine army during a dust storm. Later, they took control of the Byzantine province of Syria. After Abu Bakr died, problems arose with who should become the next caliph, or successor. The first two caliphs to rule after his death were assassinated. Ali, Muhammad's son, was chosen, but he too was assassinated after five yeras. In conqured territories, Arab administra ****tors were quite tolerant, allowing officials to continue to **
 *  [[image:http://www.bibleplaces.com/images/Dome_of_the_Rock_from_south_42-19tb_wr.jpg align="right" caption="Dome of the Rock"]]govern. The conqured people were not forced to convert to Islam, but they were required to pay taxes and be loyal to Muslim rule. The Abbasid dynasty overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and it lasted till 1258. In 762, the Abbasids built a new capital city known at Baghdad . This dynasty experienced a period of rule during the ninth century, best known as the Harun al-Rashid . He was known for his charity and lavished support on artists and writers. **


 * Arabs carried extensive trade with the Islamic world, but also with China, the Byzantine Empire, India, and Southeast Asia. Trade was carried both by ship and camel caravans, which traveled from Morocco to countries beyond the Caspian Sea. Farming was also important to the Arab E ****mpire. During the early stages of the empire, farmland was owned by independent peasants. Later, wealthy landowners began to amass large estates. However, most farmers remained independent peasants. Despite all the changes, peasants along the Nile still continue to farm the way their ancestors did. The culture of Islam had much philosophy too. One outstanding philosopher was Ibn-Rushd. He wrote a commentary on virtually all of Aristotles surviving works. Muslims also perfected an instrument known as the astrolabe, which is used by sailors to determine their location. Overall, the Islamic world had many accomplishments. **

**5 Terms:** **1. Sheikh: Ruler of an Arabic tribe, chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders** **3. Polytheistic: Belief in many gods** **4. Astrolabe: An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of stare** **5. Allah: Muslim God**
 * 2. Caliph: Successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims **

**5 People:** **1. Arabs: Semitic-speaking people who lived in the Arabian Peninsula **
 * 2. Ali: Muhammad's son **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">3. Abu Bakr: A wealthy merchant and Muhammad's father-in-law **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">4. Muhammad: Founder of Islam, prophet of god **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">5. Abraham: Prophet, Seer, Father of Multitudes, First Hebrew Patriarch,Constructor of the Kaaba **

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">**__Five Links:__** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">**2. Barakati Islam This webiste talks about the spread of the Islam religion.** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">** 3. Facts of Islam This webiste talks about the Islam expansion and transformation ** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">** 4. History of Islam This website has a history of Muhammed and Mecca. ** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">** 5. Islam InventionsThis website shows how Islam inventions have impacted the world today. **
 * 1. The Religion Isam This webiste talks about the general history of Islam, Muhammed, and after Muhammeds death.**

media type="custom" key="11377304" **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">630-Muhammad returns to Makkah ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">634-Death of Abu Bakr ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">635-The Quran is compiled ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">661-Umayyads establish Islamic Empire ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">732-Arab forces defeated at the Battle of Tours ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">852-Great Mosque of Samarra built ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">900-Arab scholars work at the House of Wisdom ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1187-Saladins army invades Jerusalem ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1258-Mongols capture Baghdad ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1328-Ibn-Khaldun teaches at university in Cairo ** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">media type="youtube" key="y9fqfnKKCN8" height="315" width="420"