Ancient+Egypt

**3500 B.C. - 500 B.C.** **Elsa and Ayushi**

**Ancient Egypt is located on the northern most tip of African continent. The longest river in the world at 4,160 miles long, the Nile, slithers throught the country of Egypt. The Egyptian civilization depended greatly on the anual flooding of the Nile, also known as the 'miracle' of the Nile. When the river rose in the summer from heavy rains, it left deposits of mud that created an area of soil several miles wide on both sides of the Nile. The Egyptians called this fertile soil the Black Land. Beyond the Black Land was the Red Land, which were feilds of dry deserts. Egypt also had many natural barries to protect them from invasions and to give the Egyptians a sense of security. Some of the natural barriers are the Red Sea, the cataracts (or rapids), and the Mediterranean Sea. **

** Egyptian History was made up of three different kindgoms: the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom , and the New Kingdom. **** The Old Kingdom was known as the Pyramid Age. Pyramids were built as a part of a larger complex of buildings which were dedicated to the dead. The tombs were filled with everything their resident might need in the next life like chairs, boats, and weapons. The largest pyramids were builing under the reign of King Khufu. The Great Pyramid of King Khufu still stands at Giza. Gaurding the Great Pyramid t **** he Great Sphinx. The Sphinx has the body of a lion and a human head, which is believed to be the face of Khufus son, Khafre .The Egyptians practiced mummification, a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting. They also believed Humans had two bodies, a physical body and a spiritual body known as the Ka. The Middle Kingdom was known as the golden age, or the age of stability. The Middle Kingdome ended around 1652 B.C. with the invasion of they Hyksos. With the invasion came the New Kingdom. Hatshepsut was the first woman to become pharoah during this time. Amenhoptep IV introduced the worship of Aton, god of the sun disk, as sole god. Later on, boy-pharaoh Tutankhamen, changed Akhenatons rules ( earlier Amenhotep IV) and restored the old gods. Other great rulers of this time were Ramses II and Cleopatra VII. **

** The Egytians also made many inventions of their own. They invented a writing known as Hieroglyphics. Heiroglyphics meant 'priest-carvings' or ** **'sacred writings.' This system of writing used both pictures and more abstact forms, was very complex. The highly simplified version of heiroglyphics is known as Hieratic Script. It had the same concept of Hieroglyphics, but the drawings were simplified by using dashes, strokes, and curves. They also had architectural acheivements, such as pyramids and temples. To build these massive structures, they had to make advances in their mathematics. The Egyptians also developed and accurate 365 day calendar based on the movements of the moon and the star Sirius. Overall, the Egyptains were very skilled and strong people for ancient times. **

__**Five most important people**__ **1 ) Ramses II- reigned from 1279 to 1213 B.C. ** **2) Tutankhamen- boy pharoah who restored the old gods** **3) King Khufu- Reigned under the building of some of the largest pyramids** **4) Khafre- thought to be the face of the Great Sphinx. Son of King Khufu** **5)Hatshepsut- the** **first woman to become pharoah**

__**Five most important key terms**__
 * 1) Mummification- a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">2)Hieroglyphics- an Egyptian invention of writing also known as 'sacred writings' **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">3) Ka- a persons spiritual body **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">4)Pyramid Age- Time during the Old Kingdom when the Great Pyriamds were built **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">5)Cataracts- rapids along the Nile River **

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__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">**Five links for Ancient Egypt** __
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Ancient Egypt This link is from the British Museum. It has information about mummification, temples, pharoahs, trades, writing, and even more. **
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Facts of Ancient Egypt This link has information about the gerneral history of Ancient Egypt and also information about Egyptian monuments. **
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**History of Egypt This link has information about beliefs, daily life, heiroglyphics, and more about Ancient Egypt. **
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Pyramids of Egypt This link has 3-D images of the pyramids of ancient Egypt and has interesting facts about ancient Egyptian times. **
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Ancient Egypt Facts** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">**This link has information about pharoahs, queens, pyamids, and has a few maps on**

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<span style="color: #7300ff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">** "By 3000 B.C. the art of Egypt was so ripe and so far advanced that it is surprising to find any student of early culture proposing that the crude contemporary art of the early Babylonians is the product of a civilization earlier than that of the Nile." ~James H. Breasted **


 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">3100 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kings Menes unites villages of Upper and Lower Egypt ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">2700 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Old Kingdom begins ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">2540 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Great Pyramid built ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">2050 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Middle Kingdom begins ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">1652 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The New Kingdom begins ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">1652 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Hyksos invade Egypt ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">1270 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ramses II starts to rule ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">1085 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The New Kingdom collapses ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">932 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Thebes civilization starts ||
 * **<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">13 B.C. ** || * <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Sea Peoples” invade Egypt ||