Middle+Ages

**500 AD~1500AD**  **Ayushi and Elsa**

**Europe’s population nearly doubled from 1000 to 1300. Improvement such as the new devices made from iron made it easier to farm. Eventually, the manorial system emerged. Lords would give land called manors to the serfs to grow crops on. They would start trading food for other supplies. Trade, in turn, contributed to the development of a money economy , the resettlement of ancient cities, and the arrival of new cities. With new cities, more people arrived, making a more religious environment. A sign of the Church's growing role in European affairs was the Concordat of Worms . By barring monarchs from investing bishops, this document marked a victory for Pope Gregory VII in his bid to reform the Church and assert papal power. The importance of the sacraments for ordinary Christians gave the Church a central role in people's lives. The veneration of saints was also popular and spurred interest in a long list of saints who Christians believed could intercede in heaven on their behalf. Religious fervor prompted new monastic orders to spring up for men and women. The inquisition gave the Church a tool for eliminating heresy . Those who failed to do proper penance for heresy could be executed. **  <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**As the population increases, so did the education levels. More universities were made to study liberal art currirculums. This is how the literature transformed into the writing system of vernacular. Their architecture also developed. New styles came and innovated into church’s decorations.Europe's fortunes sank as bubonic plague, Black Plague, carried by infested rats decimated Europe's population. In a wave of anti-Semitism, many people attacked Jews, accusing them of causing the plague by poisoning the wells. Church power declined as European kings rejected papal claims of supremacy. Popular respect for the papacy was undermined by the Great Schism. The Hundred Years' War introduced new methods of warfare, adding to the problems of the late Middle Ages.** "Always rise to an early meal, but eat your fill before a feast. If you're hungry you have no time to talk at the table." **~Vikings**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Of the German states that replaced the Western Roman Empire, only the Frankish kingdom proved long lasting. Its founder, <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Clovis <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">, was the first Germanic leader to convert to Christianity. The kingdom was eventually divided among his heirs. Meanwhile, the blending of German and Roman cultures was forming a new society in which the Church played a growing role. They developed a new system called <span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,serif;">wergild <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">which helped run things more smoothly <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Pope Gregory I <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">took control of Rome and its surrounding territories and used the monastic movement to attract Christian converts. <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Pepin <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">reunited the Frankish Kingdom, setting the stage for his son, <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Charles, or Charlemagne <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">, to form the Carolingian Empire. After his death, <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Magyar <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">, <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Muslim <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">, and <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Viking <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">invaders caused the break-up of the empire. As central governments collapsed, people went to local sources for safety and security. This led to a system called <span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,serif;">feudalism <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">. In exchange, vassals received parcels of land, called <span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,serif;">fiefs <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">. <span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Knights <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> dominated warfare and became the backbone of the aristocracy. Knights were supposed to uphold a code of ethics known as chivalry. ** **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">During the High Middle Ages, European monarchs began to extend their power and build strong states. The Frankish Kingdom was weakened by its effort to control both Italy and Germany. Both states remained decentralized and without a national monarchy.[[image:http://www.medievalists.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/medieval-marriage.jpg width="381" height="370" align="right" caption="Middle Ages Wedding"]] **

**<span style="color: #62aeea; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">__5 IMORTANT PEOPLE:__ ** <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">__**5 TERMS:**__ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">__**LINKS:**__ **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">800-Charlemagne is crowned ruler of the Holy Roman Empire ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1158-First European university appears ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1163-Work begins on Notre Dame Cathedral ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1210-Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan order ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1233-The Inquisition begins ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1347-The Black Death begins to devastate Europe ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1431-Joan of Arc is burned at the stake ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1453-Hundred years war ends ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1461-King Louis XI rules France ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1485-Tudor dynasty is established in England **
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Pope Gregory VII-Elected pope in 1703. He was convinced that he had been chosen by God to reform the Church. **
 * 2) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Henry IV-King of Germany. **
 * 3) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">King Philip IV-To gain revenues, Philip said that he had the right to taz the clergy of France. **
 * 4) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Clovis-First Germanic leader to convert to Christianity. **
 * 5) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Pepin-Reunited the Frankish Kindom. Son was Charlemange. **
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Papal States- Territories in central Italy that became known as this. **
 * 2) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Manor-An agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants. **
 * 3) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Serfs-An increasing among of free peasants became serfs, or peasants leagally bound to the land. **
 * 4) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Guilds- During the 11th century, craftspeople began to organize themselves into guilds, or buisiness associations. **
 * 5) **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Heresy-The denial of basic Church doctrines. **
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**[|The Middle Ages] This website is an overview of the Middle Ages.**
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**[|Feudal Life in Middle Ages] This website is an overview of Feudal Life during the Middle Ages.**
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**[|Middle Ages] This is a summary of the Middle Ages.**
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**[|History of Middle Ages] This website shows the history of the Middle Ages.**
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**[|Overview of Middle Ages] This website is a great overview of the Middle Ages.**

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