Indian+Independence

1919-1947 Elsa, Katie, and Dylan **"A nation's culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people." -Mahatma Ghandi **


 * British India Muslims and Hindus were bitterly divided at the end of World War II. Leaders soon realized that British India would have to be divided into two countries. One country would be Hindu, or India, and the other would be Muslim, or Pakistan. Pakistan consists of two regions seperated by India. West Pakistan was to the northwest of India. East Pakistan was the the northeast. On August 15 of 1947, India and Pakistan became independant. Many Hindus and Muslims fled across the new borders. Hindus went towards India and [[image:Amritsar_Massacre.jpg align="right" caption="Amritsar Massacre"]]Muslimes went toward Pakistan. As mass migration became popular, violence soon resulted and millions of people were killed. **
 * (New Paragraph)  Indian National Congress began to govern. The Congress Party was led by Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru had worked closely with Gandhi in the fight for Indian independence. He had strong ideas about India’s future. He liked British political institutions and the socialist ideas. These ideas that he liked came from the British Labour Party. The state too ownership of major industries, utilities, and transportation under the leadership of Nehru. Industrial production tripled between 1950 and 1965. After Nehru’s death, the Congress Party selected his daughter, Indira Gandhi, as prime minister. Indira was prime minister for almost the whole period between 1966-1984. **
 * (New Paragraph)  Vietnam was divided into two pieces. The north was the communists and were based in Hanoi, and the south were the non-communists and were based in Saigon. Both sides agreed to hold elections in two years to create a single goverment, but instead conflict continued. Soon, the United States began to aid South Vietnam under the nationalist leader Ngo Dinh Diem. In March of 1965, President Johnson decided to send U.S. troops to help aid south Vietnam from totaly victory for the communists. By the 1960s, there was a stalemate, which is when neither side was able to make significant gains. The reunification of Vietnam under Communist rule had an immediate impact ont the region. By 1975, both Laos and Cambodia had Communist governements. **


 * Terms: **
 * 1) __ Armistar __-A crowd riot in a field where the army fires out at the croud. With this, Indians were convinced they needed to gove **
 * rn the country thereselves. **
 * 2) __ Government of India Act __-Act passed by the British parliament in 1935 that would provid local self government and limit the democratic elections. **
 * 3) __ Missionaries of Charity __- Name given to the group of sisters that worked with and was founded by Mother Teresa. The charity worked together to help the poor and sick **


 * 4) __ Kashmir __- A mostly Muslim territory that was located in both Pakistan and in India. One third of Kashmir is controlled by Pakistan **
 * 5) __ Golden Temple __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">-The most religious place to all of the followers of Sikhism. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">6) __<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sikhs __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">-Follwers of Sikhism, the religion found by Nanak. The religion is based on both Hindul and Muslim ideas **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">7) __<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Salt March __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">- The more then 240 mile long march the Muhandis Gandhi led to protest the British Monopoly. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">8) __ Punjab __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">- The northern province of India in which many of the Sikhs lived in and wanted to be independent. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">9) __<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Adodhya __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">- The historical holy palce that has been fought over by the Muslim and the Hindu people. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">10) __ Bangladesh __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">- The eastern part of Pakistan in which many people felt was ignored by the government. In 1971, their independence was declared. **

__**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Ten Links **__ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1)[|Mahatma Gandhi] Here you can learn about Mahatma Gandhi and what he did. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">2)[|Mother Teresa]On this website you can learn about Mother Teresa and her good works. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">3)[|Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)]Here you can learn about Jawaharal Nehru and what he did. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">4)[|Indira Gandhi]Here you can learn about Gandhis daughter, Indira Gandhi. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">5)[|Rajiv Gandhi]If you would like to learn more about Rajiv, this is a great site. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">6)[|Pol Pot]Here you can learn about what the pol pot was. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">7)[|Learn About the Vietnam War]Here you can learn some facts about the Vietnam War. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">8)[|The Vietcong]If you would like to learn some tacitcs used during the Vietnam War, this is a great site. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">9)[|Sikhism]On this website you can learn about the Sikhism religion. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">10)[|Salt March]Here you can learn more about what the salt march was. **

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<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Top Ten People: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1) Mohandas Gandhi: 1869-1948. Born on October 2, 1869 into the Bania or merchant caste. Went to college in London, England for a law degree in 1891. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">2) Queen Victoria: "Empress of India." Founded the missionaries of Charity, or the group of sisters founded by Mother Teresa. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">3) Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Muslim League creation of a separate Muslim state. Once said "Islam is in danger." He was the leader of the Muslim League. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">4) Jawaharla Nehru: "Pandit" or Teacher. 1947-1964. He was India's first Prime Minister. He was part of the upp class intellucutals, Anglo-Indian. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">5) Rajiv Gandhi: He was Prime Minister 1984-1989. He was the son of Indira and encouraged capitalist economy. He was assassinated in 1991. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">6) Brigadier Reginald Dyer: "The Butcher of Amritsar" He was the British Commander. He ordered troops to open fire. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">7) Mother Teresa: 1910-1997. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She aided the poor and sick world in the Missionaries of Charity. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">8) W.E.B. Du Bois: An African American who educated at Harvard University. He was teh leader of a movement that tried to make all Africans aware of their own cultural heritage. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">9) Ho Chi Minh: In the 1920's he was trained revolutionary by the Moscow Vietnameese Communists. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">10: Pol Pot: Leader of the Khmer Rouge massacred mote than a millian Cambodians. media type="custom" key="18622628"

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